Silicon solar cells’ limited absorption spectrum, the range of light waves which a material can absorb, hinders their ability to convert solar energy into electricity. Light waves with wavelengths above 1100 nanometers do not possess a high enough energy to free electrons from silicon atoms and therefore cannot be used for conversion to electrical energy.
Absorption Spectrum of Silicon vs. Solar Spectrum
Currently, electric arc furnace (EAF) production is one of the most common methods of silicon production. High temperatures necessary for the process,1500℃-2000℃, contribute to its high energy demand. This process produces metallurgical grade silicon; however, further refinement is necessary for the production of semiconductor grade silicon used in solar cells. The refinement process generates gaseous trichlorosilane as a byproduct, a compound which is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.