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The History of Rockets

Circa 400 B.C.E, Archytas developed one of the first devices that employed principles crucial to the main integrity of a rocket flight. In the model, escaping steam propelled the bird attached to wires.

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Around 300 years later, Hero of Alexandria created a similar steam-propelled device. A sphere suspended over a kettle of boiling water would rotate. Steam would enter through two L-shaped tubes and provide thrust for the design.

In the starting century of the Common Era, the Chinese attached gunpowder-filled tubes to arrows. They soon realized that the tubes could be fired on their own, creating the first true modern rocket.

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For centuries, rockets were mainly used for weaponry until a Chinese man named Wan-Hu created a flying chair with rockets, but it is assumed that he blew up and failed in around 1500 C.E. Through the end of the 18th and start of the 19th century, many more attempts were made in making a successful flying rocket.

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Eventually, in 1898, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky proposed the idea of exploring space by utilizing rockets. Early in the 20th century, Robert H. Goddard conducted experiments in rocketry. His first design used a solid propellant. He concluded that solid propellants would be too heavy, ergo leading to the change of using liquid propellants. On March 16, 1926, his liquid oxygen and gasoline-powered rocket launched only 12.5 meters into the air. As rockets were studied and became more advanced throughout the duration of World War II, scientists were now convinced that they could be used for space exploration.

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On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 became the first spaceflight to land humans on the moon. It was launched via a Saturn V rocket.

In 2010, the world's first orbital-class reusable rocket, the Falcon 9, debuted. Since its debut, the Falcon 9 has flown more than 85 missions and is still in use today.

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