Present Technolgy
Mechanical Recycling
Dominantly technology used currently in recycling plastics is by Mechanical recycling.
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Plastic waste is being collected, cleaned, sorted, shredded, melted, and turned into pellets for sale to producers of recycled plastic products.
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Mechanical Recycling Limitation:
Mechanical recycling technology is expensive, labor intensive, and generally results in lower quality plastics than virgin plastics.
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Statistics
It is estimated that each year there is an about 1.13 million tons to 2.24 million tons plastic waste in USA and globally 400 million tons.
Chemical Recycling
Chemical recycling technologies uses heat, chemical reactions, or both to recycle used plastic into virgin-equivalent plastic by conversion, decomposition and purification. Conversion is a process of converting long chain polymer to monomers using Pyrolysis: The thermal degradation of plastic waste at high temperature (300-900°C) in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid oils. Decomposition breaks down polymers in sorted plastics into monomers to produce new plastics using heat, chemicals or enzymes to break down polymers at temperatures as low as room temperature, resulting in less energy consumption. Purification uses solvents to separate polymers from additives or contaminants.
Chemical Recycling Limitation:
All plastics cannot be recycled and also to certain extent. Pyrolysis produces synthetic gasses that are dangerous to our health and the environment.