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Websites

• Berg, Nate. "Muting the Freeway How roadside noise barriers are designed to absorb sound and evade attention." reform, Medium, 30 Nov. 2014,https://medium.com/re-form/muting-the-freeway-e18ee195bd38.

 

• Chandler, David. "A new wrinkle in the control of waves Flexible materials could provide ways to manipulate sound and light." MIT News, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 24 Jan. 2014, news.mit.edu/2014/a-new-wrinkle-in-the-control-of-waves-0124 .

 

• Chu, Jennifer. "Printable Electronics New nanoscale stamping process prints electronic ink." Technology Review, MIT, 22 Feb. 2018, www.google.com/amp/s/www.technologyreview.com/s/603449/printable-electronics/amp/ .

 

• Edwards, Lin. "Spider is the second most vibration-sensitive creature." PHYS.ORG, 12 Oct. 2011, https://phys.org/news/2011-10-spider-vibration-sensitive-creature.html.

 

• Fox Morone, Manny I. "Harnessing the power of shape-shifting polymers." Chemical and Engineering News, American Chemistry Society, 26 Feb. 2018, cen.acs.org/articles/96/i9/harnessing-the-power-of-shape-shifting-polymers.html.

 

 

• Gianoli, Emesto, and Fernando Carrasco-Urra. "Leaf Mimicry in a Climbing Plant Protects against Herbivory." Current Biology, Cell Press, 5 May 2014, www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(14)00269-3.

 

 

• Hall, Parker. "The best noise-canceling headphones of 2018." Digital Trends, 19 Oct. 2018, www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/best-noise-cancelling-headphones/.

 

• Hellemans, Alexander. "Soundproofing Drowns Out Deep Noise." Science, Science, 8 Sept. 2000, www.sciencemag.org/news/2000/09/soundproofing-drowns-out-deep-noise .

 

• " How do we measure sound waves?" Dangerous Decibels, http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/virtualexhibit/6measuringsound.html . Accessed 26 Nov. 2018.

 

• IFL Science. "Explainer: What Is 4D Printing?" IFL Science, www.iflscience.com/technology/explainer-what-4d-printing/ . Accessed 27 Nov. 2018.

 

• Jensen, Sarah. "Can sound be converted to useful energy?" Ask an Engineer, MIT School of Engineering, 15 Nov. 2011, https://engineering.mit.edu/engage/ask-an-engineer/can-sound-be-converted-to-useful-energy/

 

• Kids Discover. "Sound and Vibration." Kid Discover, 11 Mar. 2014, https://www.kidsdiscover.com/spotlight/sound-and-vibration/?wpss-routing=results.

 

• Krulwich, Robert. "The Sneaky Life of the World's Most Mysterious Plant." Science and Innovation, National Geographic, 19 Feb. 2016,www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2016/02/19/the-sneaky-life-of-the-worlds-most-mysterious-plant/

 

• Landau, Meryl Davids. "On Highway Noise Barriers, the Science Is Mixed. Are There Alternatives?" UNDARK, 27 Dec. 2017, undark.org/article/highway-noise-barrier-science .

 

• Langdon, Philip. "Noisy Highways." The Atlantic, 1 Aug. 1997, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1997/08/noisy-highways/376925/.

 

• Montalbano, Elizabeth. "Shape-Shifting Material Can Reverse Properties Using Heat, Light." Design News, UBM, 1 Oct. 2018, www.designnews.com/materials-assembly/shape-shifting-material-can-reverse-properties-using-heat-light/112809257359397 .

 

• National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH)r. "Noise is All Around You." : National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), 11 Mar. 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hearing_loss/default.html.

 

• New Zealand Government. "Measuring Sound." Science Learning Hub, Curious Minds, www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/573-measuring-sound . Accessed 12 Sept. 2018.

 

• Nield, David. "Scientists Have Developed a System That Absorbs 99.7% of Sound." Science Alert, 17 Sept. 2015, www.sciencealert.com/quiet-please-scientists-develop-a-system-that-absorbs-99-7-of-sounds.

 

• Nojoomi, Amirali, et al. "Bioinspired 3D structures with programmable morphologies and motions." Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 12 Sept. 2018, www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05569-8 .

 

• Peters, Adele. "This Machine Just Started Sucking CO2 Out Of The Air To Save Us From Climate Change." Fast Company, 31 May 2017, www.fastcompany.com/40421871/this-machine-just-started-sucking-co2-out-of-the-air-to-save-us-from-climate-change .

 

• Science Kids at Home. "What is Sound?" Science Kid at Home, www.sciencekidsathome.com/science_topics/what_is_sound.html . Accessed 9 Sept. 2018.

 

• Sohn, Emily. "Explainer: What is Acoustics? The science of sound." Science News for Students, 14 Dec. 2011, www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-what-acoustics .

 

• Soundproof Cow. "WHAT IS SOUND? THE SCIENCE OF SOUND." Soundproof Cow, https://www.soundproofcow.com/soundproofing-101/whatissound/  Accessed 15 Sept. 2018.

 

• Study.com. "What are Decibels? - Definition & Examples." Study.com, study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-decibels-definition-examples-quiz.html . Accessed 14 Sept. 2018.

 

• U.S. Department of Transportation. "The Audible Landscape: A Manual for Highway Noise and Land Use." Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov/Environment/noise/noise_compatible_planning/federal_approach/audible_landscape/al04.cfm . Accessed 17 Oct. 2018.

 

• University of Colorado at Boulder. "Shape-shifting material can morph, reverse itself using heat, light." Science Daily, 24 Aug. 2018, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180824150542.htm .

 

• University of Glasgow. "Printed electronics breakthrough could lead to flexible electronics revolution." Microsystems and Nanoengineering, 13 Aug. 2018, m.phys.org/news/2018-08-electronics-breakthrough-flexible-revolution.html .

 

• Wagner, Kate. "Building the Wall: Highway Sound Barriers and the Evolution of Noise." 99 Percent Visible, 8 Dec. 2016,  https://99percentinvisible.org/article/building-wall-highway-sound-barriers-evolution-noise/

 

• Wikipedia. "Active noise control." Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_noise_control . Accessed 25 Sept. 2018.

 

• Yogi. "NASA has invented a soundproof panel for aircraft engines." Yogi, 10 May 2016, patentyogi.com/latest-patents/nasa-has-invented-a-soundproof-panel-for-aircraft-engines/.

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Books

• *De Klerk, Quincy, Fontichiaro, Prototyping Your Inventions, Cherry Lake Publishing, Ann Arbor Michigan, 2018.

 

 

• *Discover Science & Nature, Publications International, Ltd, 1994

 

 

• *May, Vicki V. 3-D Engineering, Design and Build Your Won Prototypes, Nomad Press, White River Junction VT. 2015.

 

 

• Rowell, Rebecca. Energy and Waves Through Infographics, Lerner Publications Company, Minneapolis, Minn. 2014.

 

 

• Surito, Lyn A. Technological Design. Cherry Lake Publishing, Ann Arbor Michigan, 2011.

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Images and Diagrams

 

History, Ancient Rome

• Cartwright, Mark.  "City Wall of Stone & Opus Caementicium, Roman Empuries." Ancient History Encyclopedia, 29 August 2016, ancient.eu/image/5548/city-wall-of-stone--opus-caementicium-roman-empuri/

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History, 1932

• Leug, Paul. "Process of Silencing Sound Oscillations." United States Patent and Trademark Office, 8 March 1934, pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=02043416

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History, 1968

• Goguen, Claude. "A Sound Decision." National Precast Concrete Association, 28 July 2014, precast.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Sound-Wall-1.jpg

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History, 1989

• Cyclops Corp. "US4838524A." Google Patents, 13 June 1989, patents.google.com/patent/US4838524A/en

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History, 1990s

• Bendtsen, Hans. "Noise Barrier Design Danish and some European Examples." Danish Road Institute, 2009,  vejdirektoratet.dk/DA/viden_og_data/publikationer/Lists/Publikationer/Attachments/59/Noise%20barrier%20design%20-%20Danish%20and%20some%20European%20examples%20-%20report%20174.pdf

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History, 2000

• Hellemans, Alexander. "Soundproofing Drowns Out Deep Noise." Science, Science Magazine, 8 Sept. 2000, www.sciencemag.org/news/2000/09/soundproofing-drowns-out-deep-noise.

 

History, 2014

• "NASA has invented a soundproof panel for aircraft engines." Patent Yogi, Patent Yogi, patentyogi.com/latest-patents/nasa-has-invented-a-soundproof-panel-for-aircraft-engines/. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018.

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Measuring Sound

• "Sound Pressure Level." Rockfon, United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, exp.rockfon.com/performance/acoustics/what+determines+room+acoustics-c7-/sound+pressure+level#. Accessed 15 Oct. 2018.

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Present Technology

• "Leading Edge Solution for Noise Control." City Soundproofing, City Soundproofing, www.citysoundproofing.com/no-noise/strategies.html. Accessed 24 Oct. 2018.

 

• Wagner, Kate. "Building the Wall: Highway Sound Barriers and the Evolution of Noise." 99% Invisible, 99percentinvisible.org/article/building-wall-highway-sound-barriers-evolution-noise/. Accessed 20 Oct. 2018.

 

• Noise Control." Multi-Modal Handbook, Chester County Government, www.chescoplanning.org/MuniCorner/MultiModal/13-NoiseControl.cfm. Accessed 22 Oct. 2018.

 

• "Core Highway Topics." United States Department of Transportation, http://www.transportation.gov/, www.fhwa.dot.gov/. Accessed 10 Oct. 2018.

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RMF Technology

• Fox Morone, Manny I. "Harnessing the power of shape-shifting polymers." Chemical and Engineering News, American Chemistry Society, 26 Feb. 2018, cen.acs.org/articles/96/i9/harnessing-the-power-of-shape-shifting-polymers.html.

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