History
CRISPR-Cas9 History
1869
Friedrich Miescher first identified DNA on the pus of WWI soldiers.
1953
Francis Crick and James Watson discovered the chemical structure of DNA.
2012
Jennifer Doudna and her team discovered CRISPR-Cas9.
2014
​CRISPR-Cas9 was first used in phage genome editing.
Bacteriophage History
1915
​​​Bacteriologist Frederick Twort made the discovery of bacteriophages.
1919
Félix d'Hérelle admistered the first dose of phages to treat acute dysentery successfully.
1940+
​Use of phages declined greatly in the West due to an increased use of antibiotics.
2000+
Clinical trials done in America proved the safety and efficacy of phage therapy to treat bacterial infections.
Did you know that...
French microbiologist Félix d'Hérelle, who made the discovery of
bacteriophages died of pancreatic cancer in 1949.
Hover over the fun fact!